A healthcare outcome measure for older people living with frailty attending emergency departments and acute care settings
Feasible
Eight items with completion
in under ten minutes
Reliable
A two-factor measure with
adequate internal consistency
Valid
Lower scores correspond to
longer ED stay and higher admission rate
Download
The PROM-OPAC is provided free for non-commercial and non-profit use. Please register below to receive the download link.
For commercial use, please contact info@prom-opac.com
User guide
Download an implementation guide written for healthcare services:
Leaflet
Download a leaflet designed for patient-facing and lay use:
PROM-OPAC development and publications
PROM-OPAC was designed and developed with patients and lay representatives to measure meaningful outcomes of geriatric emergency and acute frailty care. Development and initial validation took place between 2020-2024.
- Elicitation of meaningful outcome goals through interviews with older people living with frailty having acute care needs:
What matters most in acute care: an interview study with older people living with frailty. BMC Geriatrics, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02798-x with additional lay report at https://le.ac.uk/gem/resources/outcomes/acute-care - Identification of candidate Patient-Reported Outcome instruments with systematic review and appraisal with lay research partners:
A systematic review and recommendations for PROM instruments for older people with frailty in emergency care. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-022-00438-x - Co-creation of instrument items to measure the meaningful outcome goals:
Co-creation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Older People living with grailty receiving Acute Care (PROM-OPAC). Journal of Patient Experience, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735231158941 - Feasibility and psychometric performance of the EQ-5D for functional quality of life outcomes in acute frailty care:
Measuring health-related quality of life of older people with frailty receiving acute care: feasibility and psychometric performance of the EuroQol EQ-5D. BMC Emergency Medicine, 2023 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-023-00909-4 - Psychometric field-testing and validation of the PROM-OPAC instrument:
The patient-reported outcome measure for older people living with frailty receiving acute care (PROM-OPAC): field-testing and validation. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-024-00796-8 - Additional PROM-OPAC validation for people living with frailty and cognitive impairment:
Feasibility of administering the Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Older People living with frailty receiving Acute Care (PROM-OPAC) in cognitive impairment. Manuscript under review with additional lay report at https://prom-opac.com/prom-opac-in-cognitive-impairment-lay-report/
Read more about the PROM-OPAC project on the University of Leicester’s website:
PROM-OPAC development and validation was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR).
Research was conducted at the University of Leicester and the University of Sheffield.
PROM-OPAC application and current projects
We regularly update a literature search for clinical applications and research studies using PROM-OPAC.
- Validation of the German language version:
INCLUDE Study – Inclusion and Equity in Acute Care / PROM Validation; Autonomy and safety in acute care of older adults – validation of the german version of the “patient-reported outcome measure for Older Patients receiving Acute Care” (PROM-OPAC). Study in progress https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00037988 - Validation of the Dutch language version:
Cross-cultural adaptation and content validation of the PROM-OPAC for older adults in Dutch Emergency Departments. Study in progress: part of the QOP-ED study - Evaluation of an NHS Hospital at Home service using PROM-OPAC:
Capturing the frail patients’ perspective: EQ-5D-3L and PROM-OPAC for Hospital at Home. https://www.posterit.it/uploads/NUSGAOPYVTKECBFZ/EXQGIOJBRKSNALCZ/EYLBTQOWMDUCGFIA/a679a750-42fb-482a-b94b-ef4988d197a8.pdf